2014年职称英语《卫生类A级》阅读理解模拟试题五

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Cold and Flu

Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.

The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.

The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.

But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.

Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.

The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.

Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症),a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.

There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.

41.According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help

A.shorten the duration of the illness.

B.the patient buy medicine over the counter.

C.the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs.

D.prevent people from catching colds and the flu.

正确答案:A

解析:问题问的是:作者认为知道生病的原因能帮助什么?第一段提到分辨出是感冒还是流感可以缩短疾病持续的时间。因此A正确。

42.We learn from the passage that

A.one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu.

B.over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu.

C.aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu.

D.delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system.

正确答案:B

解析:问题问的是:从文中能了解到什么?倒数第二段提到非处方药对感冒和流感症状都有缓解作用。因此B正确。容易混淆的是C选项,文中说儿童和十几岁的少年不能服用阿司匹林,并没有提到选项中的说法“阿司匹林不能作为非处方药”。

43.According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively,

A.one should identify the virus which causes it.

B.one should remain alert when the disease is spreading.

C.one should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

D.one should take medicine upon catching the disease.

正确答案:D

解析:问题问的是:根据短文,怎样做才能有效的对抗流感?第二段提到发病后立即服用处方药是治疗流感的关键。因此D正确。

44.Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold

A.stuffy nose.

B.A high temperature.

C.A sore throat.

D.A dry cough.

正确答案:B

解析:问题问的是:通过下列哪个症状可以分辨感冒还是流感?第五段主要讲述了区分感冒和流感的症状,其中提到少年和成人得了感冒是不发烧的,而流感在各种年龄的发病人群中都会引起高烧。因此B正确。

45.If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents

A.should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome.

B.are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination.

C.are advised not to give them aspirin.

D.should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever.

正确答案:C

解析:问题问的是:如果小孩表现出流感症状,家长应该怎么办?倒数第二段提到小孩服用阿司匹林会有可能导致雷氏综合症,从而引发肝和中枢神经的严重状况。

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