2013年职称英语《卫生类A级》阅读判断模拟题及答案(二)

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【1】 The Worker's Role in Management

  Traditionally, it has been the worker's role to worker and management's role to mange. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operation with little thought consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and many be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?

  Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 day's notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will keep the plant operating.

  It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

  1. Traditional workers showed no interest in management.

  A. Right

  B. WrongWww.KaO8.CC

  C. No mentioned

  2. In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the worker's role in management with two major reasons.

  A. Right

  B. Wrong

  C. No mentioned

  3. Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.

  A. Right

  B. Wrong

  C. No mentioned

  4. Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.

  A. Right

  B. Wrong

  C. No mentioned

  5. The workers' participation in management might save a plant from closing down.

  A. Right

  B. Wrong

  C. No mentioned

  6. One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.

  A. Right

  B. Wrong

  C. No mentioned

  7. An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of his plant.

  A. Right

  B. Wrong

  C. No mentioned

  参考答案: CABBACB

【2】 The Education of Benjamin Franklin

  History has given Benjamin Franklin a place of enduring fame. He was a writer, an inventor, a scientist, and a statesman. His life history has enjoyed popular success for more than 200 years.

  Franklin's education at school stopped when he was ten years old. But he never stopped learning. For him, books held the key to living happily and successfully. They were precious gifts.

  In his early youth, he had a friend who worked for a bookseller. Sometimes his friend would lend him books, which he was careful to return quickly. Often he sat up in his room reading most of the night in order to return a book before his friend's employer noticed its absence.

  But Franklin was not a lonely scholar. For him, learning was a social experience. In his Autobiography, he tells about organizing a club called the "Junto", which met every Friday night to improve its members' minds:

  "The rules I made required every member, in turn, to produce one or more questions on any point of Morals, Politics, or Natural Philosophy. The question would then be discussed by the whole group. Also, once in three months, each member was required to read an article he had written on any subject he pleased.

  "Our discussions were directed by a president and conducted as an honest search for truth. We were to avoid unpleasant arguments or a desire for victory. Any member who did not obey these rules had to pay a fine."

  The Junto which Franklin organized continued for many years. It was the best group for the discussion then. The questions were given to the members during the week before they were to be discussed. This encouraged the members to read carefully about each subject so that they might speak with more understanding.

  When the Junto was organized, before the middle of the 18th century, there were no public libraries. There was not even a good bookstore south of Boston. Franklin decided to improve this situation.

  Each member of the Junto owned a few books. A room had been rented in which the members held the meetings. Franklin suggested that all the members should bring their books to the room. In this way the book would be a help to all during the weekly discussion. Also, each member would be allowed to take and read at home any book be chose.

  Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books.

  EXERCISE:

  1. Benjamin Franklin stopped his education because his father could not afford the tuition.

  A) True B) False C) Not mentioned

  2. According to Benjamin Franklin, living happily and successfully lies in reading.

  A) True B) False C) Not mentioned

  3. He often read most of the night to finish a book that he borrowed from his bookseller friend.

  A) True B) False C) Not mentionedWww.KaO8.CC

  4. Every member of the Junto should present an article he wrote in regular intervals.

  A) True B) False C) Not mentioned

  5. Every time the Junto members met, each brought with him some questions for the group to discuss.

  A) True B) False C) Not mentioned

  6. Franklin organized a private library for the Junto because there was no public library in his city.

  A) True B) False C) Not mentioned

  7. The weekly discussions were held at Franklin's.

  A) True B) False C) Not mentioned

  答案: CABABAB

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