【1】　Common-cold Sense

　　You can’t beat it，but you don’t have to join it.‘Maybe it got the name “common cold” because it’s more common in winter.The fact is，though，being cold doesn’t have anything to do with getting one 3.Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses，and，at least SO far，medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.

　　Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults，because they have more colds than adults — an average of about eight per year.Why do kids seem SO much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple.They haven’t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.

　　There are more than 1 50 different cold viruses，and you never have the same one twice.Beinginfected by one makes you immune to it — but only it.

　　Colds are usually spread by direct contact，not sneezing or coughing.From another person’s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route。.The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy，although the viruses Can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.

　　Hygiene is your best defense.Wash your hands frequently.preferably with a disinfectant soap，especially when children in your household have colds.

　　But even careful hygiene won’t ward off。every cold.So，what works when a coughing，sneezing，runny nose strikes?

　　The old prescription of two aspirins，lots of water，and bed rest is a good place to start.But you’11 also find some of the folk remedies…worth Wing.Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey)，lemon，and water have real benefits.

　　词汇：

　　rhinovirus n.鼻病毒

　　virus n.病毒

　　immune adj.免疫的，有免疫力的

　　preferably adv.更可取地，更好地

　　disinfectant n.消毒剂，杀菌剂

　　prescription n.(1)诀窍(2)处方，药方

　　infect vt.传染，侵染，感染

　　sneeze vi.打喷嚏

　　remedy n.治疗，治疗法，药品

　　thumbnail n.拇指甲

　　练习：

　　1.Accordingtothe essay，you may have a cold because

　　A)the weather is too cold.

　　B)the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.

　　C)another person’s coughing passes the cold to you

　　D)you wash your hands too often.

　　2.The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is

　　A)to keep yourself clean.

　　B)to use a disinfectant soap.

　　C)to take two aspirins every day.

　　D)to drink lots of water.

　　3.Children have more colds because

　　A)they are usually infected about eight times each year.

　　B)they are not immune to many cold viruses yet.

　　C)they never wash their hands So that their thumbnails are dirty.

　　D)they don’t 1ike eating lemon.

　　4.When you are having a cold,Ｗww.KaＯ8.CC

　　A)it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.

　　B)it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time.

　　C)it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.

　　D)it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time.

　　5.When one is having a cold, he may often have a11 the following symptoms EXCEPT

　　A)coughing.

　　B)having a sore throat.

　　C)having a runny nose.

　　D)having a stomachache.

　　参考答案:

　　1.B 第一段虽然提到了感冒常发生于冬天，但紧接下去说得很清楚：受凉并不导致感冒，所以A不是正确答案。文章第四段第一句说得明白：感冒通常是与感冒的人身体直接接触而传染的，而不是由打喷嚏或咳嗽传染的，所以C项也不是正确答案。至于D更是错误。答案B与第一段第三句的意义相吻合，因此是正确答案。

　　2.A 第五段的第一句话“Hygiene is your best defense”意思是“卫生是你的最佳防御”，与A项相吻合，因此A项是正确答案。同一段中提到的用消毒肥皂洗手，虽然也是保持卫生的手段之一，但仅是一个具体措施，不是全部措施，所以B项不是正确答案。C项提到的服阿司匹林是治感冒的手段之一，而非预防手段(况且没有说到“一天服两片”!)D项提到的多喝水在文中也指治疗手段，所以c和D都不是正确答案。

　　3.B 第二段中提到儿童平均一年得八次感冒，这是一个统计数据而不是儿童得感冒的原因;文中并没有说“儿童从不洗手”;文中也没有说“儿童不喜欢吃柠檬”;所以A、C、D都不对。B项与第二段最后一句意思一样，是正确答案。

　　4.C 第三段提到有150种感冒病毒，而人们绝不会被同一种病毒侵害两次，因为得了一次感冒后对相应的病毒就获得了免疫力，所以只有C项才符合第三段的内容。

　　5.D 本题谈的是文中提及的感冒症状。文中并没有提到得了感冒就胃疼，实际上文中根本就没有“stomachache”这个词或相关的字眼，所以D项是正确答案。

【2】　Chronic Diseases:The World’s Leading Killer

　　Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes(糖尿病)and lung disorders.

　　The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.

　　The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.

　　The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.

　　Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last ween in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.

　　The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.

　　Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic(寄生的)diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.

　　Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.

　　UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.

　　36.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015?

　　A.More than 17 million.

　　B.More than 380 million.

　　C.More than 304 million.

　　D.More than 25 million.

　　37.Due to chronic diseases China will have to face

　　A.great pressure from other countries.

　　B.a limited economic market.

　　C.a shortage of the labor force.

　　D.huge economic losses.

　　38.Which can NOT be learned from the passage?

　　A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.

　　B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.

　　C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.

　　D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.

　　39.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have been

　　A.economic gains.

　　B.lost productivity.

　　C.chronic diseases.

　　D.infectious and parasitic diseases.

　　40.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths?

　　A.Timely medical treatment.

　　B.Healthy eating.

　　C.More physical activity.

　　D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.

　　答案：36.C37.D38.C39.D40.A