2011年大学英语四级考试:阅读理解模拟题及答案解析3

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四级真题 历年四级阅读真题及答案解析 历年英语四级阅读理解真题及答案

  【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析a】
  Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?请访问考吧网站http://www.kao8.Cc
  Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
  Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.
  [A]skill
  [B]popular
  [C]get
  [D]change来源:上考吧网校,考试轻松过关
  [E]similarly
  [F]professional
  [G]character
  [H]individuality
  [I]inspire
  [J]differently
  [K]expect
  [L]practical
  [M]recall
  [N]lose
  [O]ordinary
  ANSWERS:
  1.选B)。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”,说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional“职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的,平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。
  2.选F)。此处应填形容词。从more...than civilian clothes可知,此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对,说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和civilian相对的,故F)正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应,故排除。
  3.选K)。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知,此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更...”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知,这段要说明的是人们的主观印象,应填入表示“期望(得到)”的单词,只有K)expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。
  4.选I)。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯...从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知,人们更信任穿制服的人,即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。
  5.选A)。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思,那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说,人们信任的是它的技术,而不是人品,故选项中只有A)skill符合原文意思。
  6.选N)。此处应填动词。...step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是......职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份,由此可以推知此处应填N)lose。
  7.选L)。此处应填形容词,说明制服的其他有点。从下文“...节省购买其他衣服的开销,节省洗衣费用,比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知,制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”,很明显L)pratical符合原文意思。
  8.选H)。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比,然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”,其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思,那么联系第一段,此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性,故选项H)individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别,而character指的是个人特定的内在本质。
  9.选D)。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性,虽然有很多种制服,但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服,所有是没有变化的,故此处应填change,故D)正确。
  10.选E)。此处应填副词,修饰动词act。前面指出...look alike,they tend to...,说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently,很明显,E)similarly与alike意思相近,故选E)。
 【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析b】
  As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
  If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade union  s and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.
  In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
  [A]compare
  [B]responsible来源:考吧考吧成就你的梦想
  [C]useful
  [D]added
  [E]find
  [F]reference
  [G]indirect
  [H]method
  [I]successful
  [J]combined
  [K]Necessarily
  [L]capacity
  [M]ability
  [N]Basically
  [O]adopt
  【答案】
  1.选B)。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门...计算报酬”,选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”,useful“有用的”,indirect“间接的”,successful“成功的”,其中indirect不能与for连用,排除;剩余几项中只有B)responsible意义符合原句,其他均不符合,故排除。
  2.选O)。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题,选项中的动词原形有compare“比较”,find“找到”,adopt“采纳”,分别带入原文,只有adopt最符合原文意思,故选O).
  3.选H)。此处应填名词。从原文看,and连接并列结构,所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致,选项中的名词只有mathod = ways,故选H)method。
  4.选I)。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法,说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题,劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和successful,I)seccessful更符合原文意思。
  5.选D)。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”,把分值...起来to give a total value"得出总分值",选项中有added和combined,前者指“把...相加”,后者意为“把...结合在一起”,原文指将分值相加得出总分,故D)added最符合文意。
  6.选M)。此处应填名词。首先solve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力,选项中的capacity与ability都可以表示“能力”;前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力,而后者强调实际应用的能力,故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M)ability。
  7.选F)。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估,经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配,意思是“与...无关”。故选F)reference。考吧-中国教育考试门户网站(www.kao8.Cc)
  8.选A)。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of each job“每种工作的价值”和these in the job market“工作市场上的(工作价值)”,说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”,所以A)正确。
  9.选K)。此处应填副词,修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”,选项中Necessarily“必须地”与Basically“基本地”为副词,分别带入原文,“报酬...的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思,故排除N),选K)。
  10.选G)。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done"易于评估的工作",通常用现金奖励办法;而...measurement is difficult“难于评估的”,说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接,因而是间接的,故选项中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。
  【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析c】
  As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is __1__ for a healthy mind and body.
  Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to __2__ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of __3__ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
  The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such __4__ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of __5__ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and __6__. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more __7__ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same __8__. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued __9__ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot __10__ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.
  A)exposure B)characters C)answer D)chemically
  E)avoid F)psychologically G)primitive H)transfer
  I)unusual J)control K)remove L)escape
  M)response N)backward O)essential
  【答案】
  1.选O)。此处应填形容词。前文中说人们正在失去放松的休闲方式,But转折表明作者对relaxation的重视态度,只有essential“必须的,重要的”符合文意。
  2.选E)。此处应填动词。前句说Stress is a natural part of everyday life“压力是日常生活中很自然的一部分”,说明人们不能避免压力。选项中只有avoid的意思为“避免,消除”,故E)avoid正确。考吧,考试伴你同行
  3.选J)。此处应填名词。前面说有压力并不是坏事,适当的压力能给人以动力,能赋予人生活的意义。只有在什么时候,压力才会导致人们表现不佳,身体不好。根据上下文可知get out of control“压力失控”的时候,才会有不好的结果,故选J)control。
  4.选B)。此处应填名词。前句中not afraid of stress“不怕压力”是一些人的性格特点,选项中可以表示人的性格特点的词只有characters,故选B)。
  5.选I)。此处应填形容词,修饰名词difficulties。一些人遇到......的困难就灰心丧气,选项中的形容词中,unusual“不同寻常的”可以说明困难的程度,故选择I)。
  6.选F)。此处应填副词,与physically相对应,在此physically作为“身体上的”解释。选项中的副词有chemically“化学地”和psychologically“精神地”,很明显两个副词中选择F)psychologically。
  7.选G)。此处应填形容词,修饰名词days。...days与后文中的today相对应,形成对比。选项中的是primitive,即将人类的早期和人类的今天做比较 ,故选G)。而N)backward说明的是社会发展的状态,不符合原文意思。
  8.选M)。此处填名词。前句说,在人类的早期,选择不同就意味着生与死的差别;而现在人们碰到的危机不可能那样极端。后面but转折,说明了不管是压力的大小,人们都是在“避免”和“战斗”之间选择,下句中的such a reaction也可以说明人们对压力的反应是一样的,选项中的名词answer和response中,M)response=reaction符合文意。
  9.选A)。根据上题,这种反应长时间持续的原因就是长时间的面对压力,选项中的exposure“暴露的状态,受影响”符合上下文意思,故选择A)exposure。
  10.选K)。此处要填动词原形,和from构成动介搭配。人们应想办法应对压力,而不是将它......出人们的生活。选项中的transfer表示“转移”不符合原文意思;remove“移动,移除”可以和from连用,表示“除掉,移开”,符合原文意思,故选K)。
  【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析d】
  The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting
  【答案】您看到来自www.kao8.Cc的新闻
  1. 选J)。此处应填形容词,修饰名次societies。文章第一句就说The typical pre-industrial family...“工业化之前的典型家庭模式......”, 即“extended" family存在于工业化之前的社会,即agricultural society。故J)正确。选项中的primary”最初的,原始的“不符合原文意思。
  2. 选A)。由be hard to do sth.可知,此处应填动词原形。They are immobile“这样的家庭很难流动”,这说明这样的家庭are hard to...,选项中由transplant和transport两个动词原形,前者指的是“迁居,迁移”,后者指的是运输,不难推断前者符合原文意思,故A)transplant正确。3. 选C)。因为这句话的句子结构完整,固此处应填副词。选项中的副词有gradually和continually,原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了“,emerge的意思是“浮现" ,强调经过一个过程后出现的。由此可以判断,这句话坏死说明核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现,而不是连续不断地出现,故选择C)gradually>
  4. 选O)。该句可拆分理解,即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children "一个家庭单元......父母和不多的孩子“,由此可以推出这里要填的词是表示”包含,由......组成“的。选项中的including和consisting均可以表示此意,但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of为固定刺诸,故O)为正确答案。
  5. 选H)。从原文中的more...than可知,此处应填形容词,构成形容词的比较级结构。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比旧的因该是更有流动性,故应选H)mobile,说明新型的家庭模式的优点。
  6. 选M)。此处应填动词,作这句话的谓语。Super-industrialism“(更发达的)超级工业化”......更具流动性的家庭。可推知空格处应填表示“需要,需求”的词。requires表示出自一种迫切的需要而提出的要求,很明显选择M)requires.
  7. 选E)。此处应填形容词,用来修饰名词components。文中说明家庭被减缩到最......的成员,即由男人和女人组成,男人和女人是一个家庭最基本的成员。选项中的E)elemental“基本的,本质的”,而N)primary“主要的,最早的”,原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic的组成部分,故E)更符合原文意思。
  8.选l)。此处应填名词。上段说两人家庭的优点,本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”,说明晚要孩子是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法,故选项中的L)compromise“妥协,折中”符合文意。而solution虽然也表示解决办法,但不能表达夫妇们无可奈何的心情,故排除。
  9.选F)。上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾即conflict,根据上下文意思,这个题相对容易。
  10.选I)。这段一直在说一个家庭里男人和女人因为工作和要孩子的事情发生争吵,那么将来要解决这个问题的仍然是家庭中的夫妻两人,故这里应填I)couples.
  【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析e】
  Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera Through the videocenferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and phisical __1__ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very __2__ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the __3__ behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works.Good people communication is __4__ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your __5__ will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note __6__ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more __7__ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot __8__.__9__, organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to __10__ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.
  A) fortunately
  B) effective
  C) images
  D) articulate
  E) facial请访问考吧网站http://www.kao8.Cc
  F) manage
  G) decisions
  H) connect
  I) advanced
  J) integrate
  K) progressive
  L) concepts
  M)pictures
  N) increasingly
  O) important
  【答案】
  1.选C)。空格中要填的是名词,从后面的......can be captured and transmitted可以选出选项中images和pictures,pictures指“画面,图片”,一般指静态的情景;而文中的意思表达的是实时的电视会议,画面应该是动态的,images可以表示动态的形象,画面,故C)images正确。
  2.选I)。这里应填形容词,修饰the technology。选项中的advanced,progressive,important可以用来修饰the technology,注释1说明了the technology中包含了很多行业术语,是很深奥的,排除important;而progressive“上进的,进步的”,强调寻求更好的,advanced“领先的,有高深的,并非人人都能接受的含义”,根据上下文I)advanced更符合题意。
  3.选L)。首先判断这里应填名词,再根据注释2种“用于解释视频会议工作原理的......”,原文中有explain“解释,说明”可以退出,选项中的名词中concepts最符合题意。故选L)。
  4.选O)。此处应填形容词。这个分句后面说交流越多,你越可能成为正确的那一个,说明交流很重要,与本土的视频会议-----一种交流的工具主题一致,这里应该填important。
  5.选G)。由空格后的ones可知,这里应填名词的复数形式。前面提到the more interaction..., the more likely...be the right ones“得到的交互信息越多,你的......就更有可能正确的”。人们通过电视会议谈判协商,了解得信息越多,自己的判断,决策才会更正确。故这里应填G)decisions。concepts“概念”是打扰项,这里和概念无关。
  6.选E)。此处应填形容词。由上文Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations“视频会议不仅可以让你与不同地方的人说话”,...expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking.“......表情和姿态,从而让你知道他们的真实想法”,很明显修饰expressions的应该是facial,意思是“面部表情”。
  7.选B)。此处要填形容词,与more构成形容词比较级结构。从后文by sharing documents and computer application“通过共享文档和计算机应用,会议能更加......”,这里电话会议的优势,也是其目的,即提高效率,故这里应填B)effective。K)progressive“进步的”并不是电话会议要达到的目的,故排除。
  8.选F)。此处应填动词原形。选项中的动词原形有articulate,manage,integrate,connect,由原文可知,电视会议可以“共享文档和应用计算机”,而电话是不能做到的,以推断这里填的词表示“做到,实现”的词,故只有manage“设法,达成”符合文意。
  9.选N)。可以推断此处应填副词,选项中有fortunately和increasingly两个副词,本文全文都在说随着技术的发达,电视电话会议越来越受欢迎,所以应该是increasingly而不是fortunately“幸运地”。转载自:考吧 - [kao8.Cc]
  10.选J)。此处应填动词原型,宾语是各种重要的会议工具。选项中还有articulate,integrate和connect三个位动词原形。其中aiticulate作“接合”意思讲的时候指的是单独的事物由关节连接,connect“连接”表示将分离的东西连接在一起,而integrate强调的是各种事物结合,形成一个整体。integrate正确,故选J)。

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