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对于托运人来说班轮公会运输的优势(两点)：

1. Stability of freight rates.　稳定的运费率　(stability: 稳定，稳定性)

2. Regularity of services.　定期的运输服务　(regularity:定期，规则，规则性)

班轮公会运输的缺点(三点)：

1. Rates are usually high. 费率一般很高

2. Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service.费率不会像不定期船那样随供求关系的变化而变动。(fluctuate:变化，变动;supply and demand:供求)

3. Rules and procedures are inflexible.规则和程序不灵活(rules:规则;procedure:程序，手续;inflexible:不灵活的)

Non-conference lines 非班轮公会运输

课文：This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers.

注释：attributable: 可归于...的(be attributable to: 可归因于) containerization: 集装箱运输，货柜运输　emergence:　出现，发生　independent carriers: 独立承运人

课文意思：这是由于集装箱运输和许多独立承运人的出现。

课文：As a result, along some routes, the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non-conference lines in regard to rates, and terms and condition of service.

注释：as a result:　结果　be forced to:　被迫去做...　come to terms:　达成协议，妥协，让步　in regard to: 关于(=regarding, with regard to) 　terms: 价钱，费用　condition:　条件。

课文意思：结果航运公会被迫在运价、运输条件上和非班轮公会公司达成协议。

课文：In recent years, along most international routes, non-conference lines have posed a challenge to conference system.

注释：in recent years: 近几年　along: 沿着　pose a challenge to: 对...提出挑战

课文意思：近几年，出现在大多数国际航线上的非班轮公会运输，对班轮公会提出了挑战。

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