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The cohesiveness(内聚力 )of a family seems to rely on members sharing certain routine practices and events. For a growing share of the American labor force however, working shifts beyond the normal daylight hours--what we here call "shift work"--makes the lives of families difficult.

Existing research shows that both male and female shift workers express high levels of stress and a sense of conflict between the demands of work and family life. But shift work couples still maintain a traditional attitude to the meaning of marriage and the individual roles of husband and wife. They expressed a willingness to do "whatever it takes" to approximate their view of a proper marriage,including sacrificing sleep and doing conventional things at unconventional hours. For the majority of couples interviewed, even when wives worked outside their homes, a proper marriage is characterized by a very clear division of roles: husbands are "providers" whose major responsibility is to sup- port the family ;wives are "homemakers" who clean,cook,and care for husbands and children.

The women' s definitions of a." good husband" are typified by the following wife' s response:

I expect him to be a good provider,and be there when I need him, loyal about the same things as he would expect out of me, expect that I expect him to dominate over me. But in a manner of speaking, when it' s time to be a man I expect him to stand up instead of sitting back expecting me to do everything.

To husbands ,a good wife is someone who is:

Understanding of what I feel go through at work. I need that respect at work,I hope I get it at work.I want my wife to realize what I expect at work. I don' t want her to give me a lot of shit when I come home from work because I don' t know if this makes much sense.

These views seemed critical to maintain the families of the shift workers.

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2014年公共英语三级阅读范文汇总