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American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
1.Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4.Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5.Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
「正确答案」 1-7 CAAABCA
「答案解析」 1. C. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构Hunting and fishing和特征结构men, young and old作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation(娱乐)anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing.发现答案相关句中并没有提到men, young and old，根据该相关句及相邻句子的句意不能“推导出”也不能“反驳”问题句的句意，所以该句的说法为“没提到”。
2. A. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构和特征结构(Professional baseball teams和the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer(对应the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer), and professional baseball teams play well into the fall(对应play for a long period of time in the fall). 判断该句的句意与问题句的句意一致，该题主要是考察well into the fall(一直到秋季末)结构的含义。
3. A. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构(Baseball 和cricket)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(板球).判断该句的句意(与棒球运动最接近的就是英国的板球)与问题句的句意一致， 因此该问题句的说法“正确”。
4. A. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构(Football 和spectator sport)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.(第一段最后一句)…the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.该题考察考生的推断能力：既然最大的足球体育馆能容纳下80,000观众，那么根据spectator sports(观赏性运动)的定义，足球应该是spectator sports.
5. B. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构(basketball 和football)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. 该相关句的说法与问题句的说法不一致(主要是“理由”的表述方面不一致)，所以判断问题句的说法“不正确”。
6. C. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构(nationwide university matches)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.发现该句的说法与问题句的说法“不一致”，但又不能因此判断问题句的说法“错误”。因此判断该题的说法为“没提到”。
7. A. 分析：利用题干中的Horse-racing fans作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Other spectator sports include wrestling(摔交), boxing, and horse racing. …… The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.根据相关句群的句意(赛马比赛的吸引人之处是赌博， 赛马迷只是对赌博感兴趣)发现问题句的说法与这些相关句的说法一致，因此问题句的说法“正确”。
The First settlement in North America
It is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal" title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.
The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.
The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1610 the colony had only a thousand people.
16. We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned[page]
「答案解析」
23. D. 分析：该段落中没有明显的特征词/短语重复出现的特点，注意对特殊位置的句子句意进行分析，确认段落中心(第2句和第3句， 这两句都是祈使句，在教读者怎样去做，同时也反应了作者自己的观点—“首先安静下来”)，因此判断答案为D.
24. E.分析：段落中近义结构 {the issues are made clear(问题被弄清楚) 和get his point across clearly(让他的观点被清楚地理解)}的反复出现直接暗示段落中心E.
25. C. 分析：段落中solution的重复出现，和段落第2句的特殊结构(祈使句)揭示段落中心，共同揭示C是答案。
26. B. 分析：根据段首句的句意(为了更好地应对老板， 很重要的一点是要考虑到老板的目标和他承受的压力)和段落中直接出现的结构“如果把你放在老板的位置上”，确认答案B.
27. B. 分析：find out后需要跟宾语，而B，D，F都可以作宾语成分，在借助相关原文：Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss's secretary to determine his mood(在你和老板争论之前，首先在老板的秘书那里弄清楚老板的情绪如何)判断B(他现在的感觉)是答案。
28. D. 分析：make clear(把……表述清楚)后需要跟宾语，而D，F都可以作宾语成分，借助搭配句意(有必要向老板表达清楚你到底想对他谈些什么)选择答案D.
29. E. 分析：根据搭配句意(向老板提出一个问题却不建议怎样去解决这个问题，这样做是不明智的)和对文章大意的理解选择E(作状语)。
30. C. 分析：根据搭配句意(你必须考虑周全，考虑到老板可能遇到的问题)选择C(作定语)。
Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?
When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space & Technology out of San Bernardino, California. "I realized that real market is in space tourism."
According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively (and somewhat dubiously) set to occur by 2005. Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says: "Space is the next exotic vacation spot."
This may all sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit — with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary — already costs an astronomical $22,000/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space-tourism market have between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket." The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system thats inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Spaces prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in Redwood City, California, has a booster with rotors make a helicopter-style return to Earth; Kistler Aerospace in Kirkland, Washington, is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines, shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.
For those who are intent on joining the 100-mile high club, Hilton and Budget are plotting to build space hotels. Before the Russian space Mir came down, some people were talking about using it as a low-rent space motel to reduce the cost. If a space hotel is finally built in space, and if you're thinking of staying in it, you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite.
16. Mike Kelly planned to turn his business of making bread and butter into a business that is engaged in space tourism.
A)True B)False C)Not mentioned
17. Kelly hoped to develop space tourism, which he thought would be a good market.
A)True B)False C)Not mentioned
18. Space Adventure in Arlington has taken 130 deposits totaling $98,000 for a two hour space tour.
A)True B)False C)Not mentioned
19. It sounds great that soon there will be space residence, although it is still a tentative plan.
A)True B)False C)Not mentioned
20. Some of the hurdles space tourism faces include a lack of oxygen and life support equipment.
A)True B)False C)Not mentioned
21. Little guys, who do not have plenty of money but have great interest in space tourism, are trying to make the space travel less expensive but more reliable.
A)True B)False C)Not mentioned
22. We can infer from the context that the Michelin ratings can help people to find prices of hotels.
A)True B)False C)Not mentioned
「正确答案」 16——22 B A B C B A A
「答案解析」
16. "making bread and butter"与原文不符，原文意思是"基本的".
17. 原文第二段有详细说明。
18. 运用常识可以判断;另外原文 "Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively (and somewhat dubiously) set to occur by 2005."指的是每人$98,000.
19. 原文并没有提到时间短的问题，仅仅提到这种可能性。
20. "Putting a simple satellite into orbit -with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary-already costs an astronomical $22,000/kg."这已经证明这些已经不是问题了。
21. 原文第三段中间部分。
22. "you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite"结合生活实际情况可得出答案。
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2012年职称英语（卫生类A级）补全短文模拟练习题及答案汇总
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