2014年考研英语阅读理解及解析:信息科学

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2014年考研英语阅读理解及解析:信息科学
  A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.

  There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.

  Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.

  To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. The English, the German, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.

  55.Digital divide is something.

  [A]getting worse because of the Internet

  [B]the rich countries are responsible for

  [C]the world must guard against

  [D]considered positive today

  56.Governments attach importance to the Internet because it .

  [A]offers economic potentials

  [B]can bring foreign funds

  [C]can soon wipe out world poverty

  [D]connects people all over the world

  57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of .

  [A]providing financial support overseas

  [B]preventing foreign capital’s control

  [C]building industrial infrastructure

  [D]accepting foreign investment

  58.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on .

  [A]how well developed it is electronically

  [B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants

  [C]whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern

  [D]how much control it has over foreign corporations

  核心词汇:

  attach[E5tAtF]v.系,贴,装,连接;使成为一部分;使依恋(at+tach→钉子→附上)

  attention[E5tenFEn]n.注意,注意力;立正;特别照顾;照料(at+tent+ion名词后缀→思维伸展出去→注意)

  colony[5kClEni]n.殖民地;侨民;聚居区;(动植物的)群体

  combat[5kCmbAt]v./n.战斗,搏斗,格斗(com共同+bal打,击→共同→共同打→战斗)

  divide[di5vaid]v.分,划分,分开;分配;(by)除(di分开+vid+e分开)

  enormous[i5nC:mEs]a.巨大的; 极大的(e出+norm规则,规范+ous形容词后缀→出了正常状态→巨大的,过分的)

  finance[5fainAns]n.财政,金融v.为……提供资金(fin+ance→最后起作用的东西→资金)

  foundation[faun5deiFEn]n.建立,设立,创办;地基;基金,捐款;机构(found基础+ation名词后缀→基础,地基)

  impoverish[im5pCvEriF]v.使贫穷;使枯竭(im加强前缀+pover词根+ish动词后缀);同根词:poverty (贫穷)←pover+ty名词后缀。

  infrastructure[5infrE9strQktFE]n.基础结构,基础设施(infra内+struct+ure名词后缀→基础结构)

  invasion[in5veiVEn]n.入侵,侵略,侵犯(in+vas+ion名词后缀)

  investment[in5vestmEnt]n.投资,投资额

  loom[lu:m]n.织布机,织机v.隐现,(危险、忧虑等)迫近

  prejudice[5predVudis]n.偏见,成见;损害,侵害v.使抱偏见,损害(pre预先+judice→预先判断→偏见)

  respect[ris5pekt]n./v.尊敬,尊重n.敬意,问候,关系,方面(re再+spect→反复看→尊敬)

  responsible[ris5pCnsEbl]a.承担责任 ;(指人)可靠的, 可信赖的(response回应+ible形容词后缀→能回应的→负责任的)

  sovereignty[5sCvrinti]n.主权;主权国家(sover+(r)eign+ty),sover(=over)在上,reign统治,ty名词后缀,在上面统治;sovereign(统治的;统治者)←sover+(r)eign。

  universal[ju:ni5vE:sEl]a.普遍的,全体的,通用的;宇宙的,世界的(univers+al形容词后缀);universalize(v.使普遍化)即universal+ize   难句分析:

  难句1 As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.

  [分析]此句主干是“...It is in the interest of business to do sth....”,句中前面as引导的是伴随状语,而非原因状语,要理解为“随着”,而非“因为”。破折号后面的部分是进一步解释说明前面的主句。

  [译文]随着互联网的日趋商业化,上网普及对商家是有利的——毕竟,上网人数越多,未来的客户就越多。

  难句2 To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.

  [分析]此句主干是“...some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices...”。前面的不定式可以被看成是一个目的状语。

  [译文]要想利用因特网,某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。

  难句3 The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.

  [分析]此句用了the more... the more...的句型。逗号之间的which today is an electronic infrastructure是Third Wave infrastructure的非限制性定语从句。

  [译文]你拥有的去建造第三次浪潮基础设施(今天主要指电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。

  文章类型:时文——信息科学

  本篇文章谈论数字鸿沟(digital divide)这一概念,并说明在世界范围内普及因特网(Internet)可以从技术角度缩小数字鸿沟。

  试题解析:

  55. 数字差异是的某种东西。

  [A] 因为因特网而变得更糟[B] 富裕国家应该负责

  [C] 全世界必须提防[D] 如今被认为是积极的

  细节事实题【正确答案】[C]

  定位在第一段数字鸿沟(digital divide)将把整个世界分为信息丰富地区和信息贫乏地区。20年前作者和其妻子就已经开始在演讲中讨论这种隐隐呈现的危险(looming danger),这里的danger指的就是digital divide。对于危险自然应当防御(work against),所以选择[C]项。

  56. 政府重视因特网,因为因特网

  [A] 提供经济潜力。[B] 能够带来外国投资。

  [C] 能够很快消除世界贫穷。[D] 把世界各地的人们连接起来。

  细节事实题【正确答案】[A]

  首先根据题干中的Internet和Governments定位至第二段第三句。从中可以看出越来越多政府推广因特网的直接原因是怕(在经济上)“落后”于其他国家,其潜台词就是因特网拥有巨大的(经济)潜能(enormous potential),所以选择[A]项。

  57. 作者提到美国这个例子,是为了证明的政策是正确的。

  [A] 向国外提供经济援助[B] 防止外国资本的控制

  [C] 建立工业基础设施[D] 接受外国投资

  例证题【正确答案】[D]

  在第四段中,作者引用美国的例子是为了说明首句,因此可以判断考点在首句,即“要想利用因特网,某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见”,只有[D]项符合题意。

  58. 现在看来,一个国家的经济非常依赖于

  [A] 它在电子方面的发展程度多高。[B] 它是否歧视移民。

  [C] 它是否采用美国的产业模式。[D] 它在多大程度上控制着外企。

  细节事实题【正确答案】 [A]

  定位在最后一段,该段中间有一例证,可以缩小考点范围,把最后一段中涉及例子的内容排除。在该段落剩下的内容中,找与题干“economy”相关的关键词,我们发现倒数第三句中有better off,确认它就是答案所在的句子,“引进用于修建电子基础设施的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。”因此选择[A]项。

  全文翻译:

  今天,人们十分关注所谓的数字分化问题——世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异;这个差异确实存在,我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这种隐约的危险。然而,那时还不太明显的是一些抵制数字分化的、新的积极因素。实际上我们是完全有理由感到乐观的。

  第一段:指出虽然信息资源丰富与信息资源贫乏国之间存在着巨大差异,然而仍然有理由保持乐观。

  一些技术上的因素使我们有理由期望差异会缩小。随着互联网的日趋商业化,上网普及对商家是有利的——毕竟,上网人数越多,未来的客户就越多。越来越多的政府,惟恐自己的国家落后,纷纷推广因特网的普及。一、二十年之内,全球将有一二十亿人进入因特网。因此,我认为在未来的数年中,数字分化将缩小而不会变大。那是好消息,因为互联网很可能成为我们消除所面临的贫困的最强有效的工具。

  第二段:表明这种国与国之间的差距会因互联网技术的发展而慢慢消除。

  当然,使用因特网不是惟一消灭贫困的方法。因特网也不是我们所拥有的惟一工具,但它却有巨大的潜力。

  第三段:指出虽然互联网不是消除贫困的惟一工具,但却有着巨大的潜力。

  要想利用因特网,某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。那些认为外国投资是对本国主权的侵犯的国家最好还是研究一下美国的基础设施(社会的基本结构基础)建设历史。当初美国建设自己的工业基础设施时,缺乏必要的资金,因此美国的第二次浪潮,即基础设施的建设——包括公路、港口,高速公路、港口城市等等——都是用国外资金建造的。英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在前英国殖民地投资。他们提供资金,美洲移民建造。想想看,现在谁拥有这一切?美国人。我想,在这件事上,像巴西或其他任何地方同样也该这样。你拥有的去建造第三次浪潮基础设施(今天主要指电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。这并不是说卑躬屈膝,任人愚弄,也不是对外国公司不加控制。但这的确意味着你已认识到外国公司对本国能源及通信基础设施建设的重要性,这些基础设施是充分利用因特网所必要的。

  第四段:从互联网出发,指出贫困国要改变对外来投资的不良印象。

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