【1】　　The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe", said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, lard being abundant". It was in America, there fore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first Came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs: by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1990 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.

　　1. The word "here" (para 1,line 4) refers to _____.

　　[A] Europe

　　[B] America

　　[C] New Jersey

　　[D] Indiana

　　2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

　　[A] The reed for labor helped the invention of machinery in America.

　　[B] The farmer rejected Charles Newbold's plow for fear of ruin of their field.

　　[C] Both Euorpe and America had great need of farm machinery.

　　[D] It was in Indiana that the first chilled-steel plow was produced.

　　3. The passage is mainly about _____.

　　[A] the agricultural revolution

　　[B] the invention of labor-saving machinery

　　[C] the development of scientific agriculture

　　[D] the farming machinery in America

　　4. At the opening of the nineteenth-century,farmers in America _____.

　　[A] preferred light tools

　　[B] were extremely self-reliant

　　[C] had many portable tools

　　[D] had very few tools

　　5. Implied but not stated _____.

　　[A] There was a shortage of workers on American farms.

　　[B] The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.

　　[C] After 1869,many people devoted their attention to the plow.

　　[D] Charles Newbolt had made a furtune by his cast-iron plow

　　参考答案：B C B D A

【2】　　Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder(膀胱) and the oral cavity(口腔). Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.

　　Female smokers are thought to be less affected be cause they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say. "Give up smoking. If you don't smoke, don't start". Some competent physicians and research workers - though their small number is dwindling(减小) even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory (呼吸的) diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment - atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substances in processed food, or Chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in vast Quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine(尼古丁)consumption is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research Indicates relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar(焦油) tobacco are claimed to made smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce ,not eliminate, the hazards.

　　1. Male smoking are more affected by smoking than female ones because _____.

　　[A] Male smokers smoke more than female ones

　　[B] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by smoking

　　[C] Male smokers breath in the smoke deeper than female ones

　　[D] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by other factors in hormone environment

　　2. According to the passage,cigarette can do harm to all the following EXCEPT _____.

　　[A] lung

　　[B] mouth

　　[C] heart

　　[D] eye

　　3. The author's attitude towards smoking is _____.

　　[A] critical

　　[B] approving

　　[C] questioning

　　[D] subjective

　　4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

　　[A] More and more research work believe the effect of cigarette smoking on health.

　　[B] Filters and low tar tobacco can not get rid of the hazard.

　　[C] Cigarette smiking has a greater effect on health than.

　　[D] All forms of tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health.

　　5. The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _____.

　　[A] offer advice on how to give up smoking

　　[B] explain the influence of cigarette smoking on health

　　[C] list the factors that can cause cancer

　　[D] compare the opinions on the effect of smoking

　　参考答案：C D A C B