2013年英语专业四级语法部分真题及答案解析：

51. Facing the board of directors, he didn’t deny __________ breaking the agreement.

　　A. him   　　　　B. it   　　　　C. his   　　　　D. its
52. Xinchun returned from aboard a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) _______.
　　A. appositive (同位语)   　　B. object   　　C. adverbial   　　D. complement.
53. Which of the following is a compound word (复合词)?
　　A. Nonsmoker   　　B. Deadline   　　C. Meanness   　　D. Misfit
54. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?
　　A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o'clock?
　　B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.
　　C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.
　　D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.
55. The following determiners(限定词) can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT
　　A. more   B. enough   C. many   D. such
56. Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?
　　A. She opened the door and quietly went in.
　　B. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.
　　C. Think it over again and you'll get an answer.
　　D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this.
57. Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)?
　　A. Much   　　　B. Neither   　　　C. One   　　　D. Quarter
58. All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT
　　A. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.
　　B. The President is coming to the UN next week,
　　C. The school pupils will be home by now.
　　D. He is going to email me the necessary information.
59. Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?
　　A. Politics are the art or science of government.
　　B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.
　　C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
　　D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.
60. Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?
　　A. The arrival of the tourists   　　　　B. The law of Newton
　　C. The occupation of the island   　　　D. The plays of Oscar Wilde
61. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive?
　　A. He is not the man to draw back.   　　　B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie.
　　C. Larry has a large family to support.   　　D. There is really nothing to fear.
62. Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence?
　　A. Let me drive you home, shall I?   　　　B. You will mind your own business.
　　C. Come and have dinner with us.   　　　D. I wish you could stay behind.
63. If it _______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.
　　A. were to rain   　　　B. was to rain   　　　C. was raining   　　　D. had rained
64. Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?
　　A. Mary and her son must be home by now.   　　　B. Careless reading must give poor results.
　　C. It’s getting late, and I must leave now.   　　　　D. He must be working late at the office.
65. The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词) EXCEPT
　　A. remain   　　　　B. turn   　　　　C. write   　　　　D. knock
51. 解析：本题考查动名词的逻辑主语。动名词可以有自己的逻辑（意义）主语，一般可以用名词所有格Tom’s，代词宾格如him（口语），书面语情况下一般用物主代词his，their。本题选C，但我还是要吐槽，因为根本就不需要多此一举添加his, he didn't deny breaking the agreement完全正确，比原题要精简地道许多，从写作角度来看，his根本是多余的，当然纯粹考察语法的话选C。
52. 解析：此题恐怕是最受争议的题目了，有人认为选A，有人认为选D。根据English Grammar: A University Course一书，“The Subject Complement (主语补足语) is the obligatory constituent which follows a copular verb(系动词) and which cannot be made subject in a passive clause: 比如Who’s there? It’s me/It’s I. She became a tennis champion at a very early age. Feel free to ask questions!” 一般语法书也是这么说的，有的书上把这种情况下接的名词叫做predicate noun/nominative,接的形容词叫做predicate adjective。该书接着说“As well as be and seem, a wide range of verbs can be used to link the subject to its Complement; these add meanings of transition (become, get, go, grow, turn) and of perception (sound, smell, look) among others,” 比如I know it sounds stupid. The situation becomes even worse. 这些一般语法书也会提到，但是题目里的都不是这种现象，很多语法书对主语补语的介绍也就到此为止。好在这本书多介绍了一点，但情况很微妙。此书又说 More problematic is the constituent following other verbs that could be used intransitively with the same meaning, as in:
Saint Ethelbert was born a Saxon princess. (she was born)
He returned a broken man. (he returned)
He died young. (he died)
We shall consider such constituents as Complements on the strength of the possible paraphrase containing be (When he returned he was a broken man; When he died he was young).
这部分恰好就是本题所代表的类型，但是从该书作者表述来看，他们也承认这样的句子很不一般，不太容易轻易判定是否为主语补语，在本书里，作者认为可以看作是主语补语，因为大概可以改写成含有系动词be的句子，但作者的措辞显然没有那么肯定，有待商榷的意思。据此，本题可以选D，是主语补足语。
53. 解析：首先要知道什么是复合词。A compound is a word that consists of more than one free morpheme。所谓morpheme词素是最小的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。而free morpheme是指能独立存在使用的词素，bound morpheme则是必须依附于其他单位的词素，比如前缀后缀属于bound morpheme，如pre-，-ment，在单词shipment里，ship就是free morpheme，ment则是bound。因此四个选项里只有deadline是由两个free morpheme构成（dead+line），其他三个都有Bound morpheme比如non,ness,mis-等。
54. 解析: subjunctive mood是指虚拟语气，四个选项里只有A的insist属于虚拟语气用法，其中that从句里省略了should。
55. 解析：限定词的用法是近几年专四的热门考点，诸如some，many，both，all，each等用法究竟如何还是希望大家多翻阅语法书和词典。这道题看似有点难度，也许你从来不知道哪个限定词可以接名词复数和不可数名词，但好在备选项里每个单词你都可以去接名词试试就知道了，比如more money,more trees; enough money, enough trees; many money?, many trees; such big trees, such behavior.所以选C。
56. 解析：首先要明白and不一定表示并列。A，C里的and表示先后；D里的and表示递进；只有B里的and表示对比。
57. 解析：估计不少学生看到名词替代词这个术语，一开始都吓着了，因为压根没听说过，不过对做这道题目倒无大碍，所谓名词替代词顾名思义就是指能代替名词或名词短语，避免重复的词，英语里one, ones,(the)same等都是常见的。比如There are good films as well as bad ones.除此以外还有the kind, the sort，比如Slang disappears quickly, especially the juvenile sort.还有一些不定代词等比如all, both, some, any enough, several, none, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, the other, others, another, either, neither等，比如Can you get me some nails? I need some. I don’t want any more food. I’ve had enough. 本题选D, quarter不是名词替代词。
58. 解析：这道题目有点意思，既考查时态，又考查will的用法，A/B/D都是将来时的各种表达，唯独C的will，看似是将来时标志，其实不然，因为和by now矛盾，这里will的用法是指you think something is true，表说话人自己的看法，比如That will be Tim coming home now; Ask anyone and they will tell you the same thing. 本题选C。
59. 解析：本题考查主谓一致（agreement/concord）。ten miles看作整体单数，mumps腮腺炎这个单词就是以s结尾的，不可数名词；furniture在英语里是不可数名词；A里的politics并不是指政治，而是指政治学(political science)，是不可数名词，但这个用法主要是英式英语。此外，politics表示政治可以看作不可数名词，也可以看作复数，比如Politics have always interested me. 本题选A。
60. 解析：章振邦的书拿到手后果然发现了他的讲解，基本就是原句。第五版的55页，名词属格和of-词组一节说：名词属格和of-词组在意义和用法上有许多相同之处，比如the trunk of an elephant=an elephant's trunk，表示主谓关系有the arrival of the prime minister;表示动宾关系 the occupation of the Island;表来源 the law of Newton。因此据此本题选A。但我要吐槽的是先不说我手上其他参考书根本没有讲到，就这种主谓关系，动宾关系的说法我就不太同意，因为所谓词组的主谓关系和动宾关系是汉语语法里的说法，英语里说主谓自然指的是句子，一个名词短语何来主谓之说？
61. 解析：又是同位语？！四个选项的用法在大部分语法书里并没有做进一步区分，都成为不定式的定语用法，修饰名词。不过章振邦的书里又出现了这个，又是原句作为选项出现，章指出不定式作为名词的后置修饰语时，不定式和名词之间的搭配关系是主谓A中的the man draw back，也可以是C和D的动宾to fear nothing, to support family；有时候也是同为关系,比如urge(冲动)的内容就是指to tell a lie撒谎，故为同位语。我不得不吐槽，章很喜欢分析任何语法单位的结构，他在教师用书的第一部分也说本书语法体系是要贯彻层次分析法。
62. 解析：花了点时间翻遍手头各类语法和用法图书，除了直接用动词打头，Do/Don't，You/其他唤名+动词, let类型外，均没有见到D的wish类型。说明：似乎只有章振邦的书上在情态动词will一节提到B的属于加强祈使句。我个人对此表示质疑。更常见的应该是You mind your own business。如果说You will mind your own business是祈使句，那么You will see him now岂不是也是祈使句？这显然说不通。其实You will mind your own business要有祈使句功能，还跟语气语调有很大关系，应该念成You WILL mind your own business! 而不是YOU will mind your own business. 出题人不严谨，死扣语法书，可见一斑。
63. 解析：最经典的If条件虚拟句，说的是将来，应该选A.
64. 解析：目前来看又要有争议。很多人认为是B，而我之前说C，尽管C里的must是表示主观必须（C只有前半句是fact，后半句谈不上什么事实）。问题在于如何理解B的must。在English Grammar:A University Course一书里有一节谈到must的logical necessity用法问题，作者说在英式英语里有用must表示逻辑上的必定如此，尽管美国人更喜欢用have to。比如 If Jane is Pat's sister and Jill is Jane's daughter, Pat must be Jill's aunt.此时Pat must be Jill's aunt就相当于不用情态动词的陈述句Pat is Jill's aunt.如此极端的例子才能说明这是逻辑上的必然，但我实在看不出选项B里一个没有语境的句子是如何有逻辑上的必然，我个人觉得Careless reading must give poor results.和Careless reading gives poor results.还是不一样的。B句是章振邦那本书里的原句，章自己也说“用must表示必然，也是一种推测或推断，其口气最为肯定，一般用于肯定陈述句”由此来看，再如何肯定那也是一种推断，不是fact。
65. 解析：看到专四考这个题目，我只能呵呵。动态动词是指能够延续持续动作的，比如hit，run等，相反的则是stative verb静态动词，比如know.现在进行时是常见检验手段。你不能说I am knowing the answer，只能说I know the answer，因此know是静态动词。同理，题目的A选项remain也是静态动词，其他都是动态动词。


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2013年英语专业四级真题及答案：写作部分(网友版)   
2013年英语专业四级真题：完形填空部分(网友版)