2012年职称英语考试【综合类】阅读理解模拟题及答案解析11

职称英语考试

2012年职称英语考试【综合类】阅读理解模拟题及答案解析11

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（一）The Barbie Dolls

In the mid 1940's, the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames. It was in 1945 that Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company that would be known for the most famous and successful doll ever created. This company would be named Mattel, MATT for Mattson, and EL for Elliot.

In the mid 1950s, while visiting Switzerland, Ruth Handler purchased a German Lilli doll. Lilli was a shapely, pretty fashion doll first made in 1955. She was originally fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter, Build.

Lilli is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handler to design the Barbie doll. With the help of her technicians and engineers at Mattel, Barbie was born. Ruth then hired Charlotte Johnson, a fashion designer, to create Barbies wardrobe. It was in 1958 that the patent for Barbie was obtained. This would be a fashion doll unlike any of her time. She would be long limbed, shapely, beautiful, and only 11.5 inches tall. Ruth and Elliot would name their new fashion doll after their own daughter, Barbie.

In 1959, the Barbie doll would make her way to the New York Toy Show and receive a cool reception from the toy buyers.

Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with current trends in hairstyles, makeup and clothing. She is a reflection of the history of fashion since her introduction to the toy market.

Barbie has a universal appeal and collectors both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls.

1. When Ruth and Elliot Handler was young, they had a strong desire ______.

A)to go to school

B)to take photos

C)to make frames

D)to be highly successful

32. Who owned Mattel?

A)Mattson.

B)Elliot.

C)Harold Mattson and Elliot Handler.

D)Harold Mattson, Ruth and Ellion Handler.

33. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Lilli was fashioned after ______.

A)Build.

B)a German doll.

C)a pretty girl.

D)a shapely woman.

34. Where did Ruth Handlers inspiration for the design of the Barbie doll come from?

A)Barbie.

B)Lilli.

C)Charlotte Johnson.

D)A fashion designer.

35. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Barbie doll?

A)She does not attract young men.

B)She has undergone many changes over the years.

C)She is 11.5 inches tall.

D)She has managed to keep up with fashion.

「正确答案」 31——35 DDABA

「答案解析」 31. 细节题，参见原文。

32. 细节题，参见原文。

33. "She was originally fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter, Build."

Fashioned after:具有……风格的

34. "Lilli is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handler to design the Barbie doll."

35. "Barbie has a universal appeal and collectors both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls"

（二）The Cherokee Nation

Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.

After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible — there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.

In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?

The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.

36. The Cherokee Nation used to live ______.

A)on the American continent

B)in the southeastern part of the US

C)beyond the Mississippi River

D)in the western territory

37. One of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of ______.

A)writing down the spoken language

B)making word pictures

C)teaching his people reading

D)printing their own newspaper

38. A law was passed in 1830 to ______.

A)allow the Cherokees to stay where they were

B)send the army to help the Cherokees

C)force the Cherokees to move westward

D)forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper

39. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands, ______.

A)they went in carts

B)they went on horseback

C)they marched on foot

D)all of the above

40. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because ______.

A)they were not willing to go there

B)the government did not provide transportation

C)they did not have enough food and clothes

D)the journey was long and boringThe Cherokee Nation

「正确答案」 36——40 BACDC

「答案解析」 36. "The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States."[page]

37. "He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language."

38. "The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out."

39. "The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback."

40. "Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside."

（三）Language

Language is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness①. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin② to the cult③ of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.

The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago.

The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent off good pronunciation), audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia④, often designed, only too well, to exhibit "lack of communication", and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech." Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.

But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it: "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor⑤. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.

Notes：

①slovenliness n. 不修边幅，马虎

②akin a. 同族的，相似的

③cult n. 崇拜

④trivia n. 琐事

⑤squalor n. 肮脏;悲惨

41. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both_________.

A. occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidity

B. from time to time show concern for the finishing touch

C. appear to shun perfection

D. may make use of economical short cuts

42. What does the writer say has happened to spoken English today? ___________.